Cosmic House
Publisher of
NEW MEXICO: A
BRIEF-MULTIHISTORY
Softback $39.95; ISBN 0-932492-05-3
Hardback $59.95; ISBN
0-932492-07-X
and
EPIC OF THE GREATER SOUTHWEST
$39.95; ISBN
0-932492-06-1
P.O. Box 7748, ALBUQUERQUE, NM, 87194
(505) 839-4849 FAX: (505) 839-4849
Email: saljustin@msn.com WEBSITE: http://www.historynothype.com
Orders: Click Here
QUESTIONS (PDF format)
FOREWORD
All items in the ACTIVITIES—QUESTIONS—ANSWERS sections are from the State adopted NEW MEXICO: A BRIEF MULTI-HISTORY by Rubén Sálaz Márquez.
The professional lesson plans provided herein for use with New Mexico: A Brief Multi-History are extensive by necessity because they are intended to enable teachers to select materials for their level of students. The intent is to have students Read-Write-Speak on New Mexico history, not the mere memorization of “factoids.”
Do not become overwhelmed by the amount of material available for teaching New Mexico history in these lesson plans. Obviously, no single teacher will use all the strategies provided below because there would not be enough time in the school year. Their purpose is to enable the teacher to exercise SELECTION. By judicious use of this guide, specific lesson plans/strategies/ideas can be utilized by professionals at the elementary, mid-school, high school, or college level. For example, for the one semester of New Mexico History required for high school graduation, the Profile Biography sections, 39 items in the STATEHOOD section alone, could suffice for the semester because 20th century New Mexico history is reflected in these biographies. If that is the choice, it should not be forgotten that the present can also be used to illuminate the past, and vice versa. Additionally, expect controversy because differing opinions in class can lead to topics that should be discussed/debated using documented evidence and sound logic. Understanding the New Mexican present and past is crucial to recognizing New Mexican realities, good or bad. The teacher should emphasize that ideas, not the person articulating them, are being discussed.
Use of the biographies are only one small part of lesson plan possibilities that could be selected by the teacher. For example, basics for the 9th grade course could be (1) Vocabulary building, (2) Biography as History, (3) specific, teacher assigned research topics, (4) and learning games like Jeopardy or Password.
. As you will recognize, these lesson plans were created by a career classroom professional. They will not be construed as “boring.” Compare them in scope, creativity, potential for productivity, etc., to any others provided with any other textbook.
Every effort has been made to organize these materials to facilitate their use in the classroom. Do not be overwhelmed by the amount of material presented in New Mexico: A Brief Multi-History or in the lesson plans below. It would be good to review all strategies provided but it is not necessary to download the entire “Learning and Teaching Guide.” A good starting strategy would be to make a copy of the Table of Contents for the
ACTIVITIES—QUESTIONS—ANSWERS segments then decide what would be appropriate for your students. Copy those files and structure them for use in your particular classroom. Other items can be copied as necessary during the school year.
Feel free to contact the author by email: Saljustin@msn.com
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For the Teacher: ON CREATING TESTS for students:
1. New Mexico: A Brief Multi-History is intended as a “hands on approach” to studying NM history. Students should be assigned to “Read—Write—Speak” on NM subjects.
EXAMPLE: The student will be assigned a specific subject, s/he will research it in the Multi-History, write up a report on it, then deliver an oral presentation on that subject to the class. The student will be graded on the written as well as oral report, by the teacher.
2. Vocabulary: The words provided in the ACTIVITIES section can be used for testing, spelling and meaning.
3. Question and Answer instruments can be created or taken verbatim from “Name the Event” and from “Biography: Who??” sections below.
EXAMPLE: Who was the driving force behind the creation of Taos Ski Valley? [Ernie Blake (Ernest Block)]
EXAMPLE: Who was selected to serve as President of Highlands University in Las Vegas, NM, in 2004? [Manny Aragón]
4. Matching: This form of testing is provided below beginning with the 20th Century.
5. Strategies: These sections below lend themselves to testing on the basis of participation (reading out loud, panel discussions, debates), quality of student’s notebook, written and oral reports, creativity in puzzles, oral representations of NM personalities.
6. PASSWORD: Three clues (oral or written) can be given by the teacher and students must come up with the proper answer.
EXAMPLE: granted in 1920// for women// suffragists//
RESPONSE: right to VOTE
7. JEOPARDY: The items can be provided by the teacher (written or oral) to the class.
EXAMPLE: These institutions cater (1920) to people with tuberculosis and can soon be found throughout NM. [“Sanatoria”]
8. Fill in the Blank: Items from “Identify, Define, Explain” can be created by having students fill in the necessary information.
EXAMPLE: The __________ is founded (1980) at UNM by Dr. John Kessell. [Vargas Project]
(Let us know what other innovative testing devices you might have come up with so we can share them with other teachers.)
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INDEX for QUESTIONS
I. Name the Event
III. Biography: Who??
Anaya, Rudolfo A. (p.541)
Aragón, Manny M. (p. 567)
Archibeque, Miguel (p. 504)
Armenta, Loretta A. (p. 605)
Gonzales-Berry, Erlinda (p. 573)
Hillerman, Tony (p. 539)
Horgan, Paul (p. 523)
Kessell, John L. (p. 571)
López, Nancy (p. 534)
Ortiz, Guadalupita (p. 594)
Ortiz, Simon J. (p. 555)
Ortiz y Pino de Kleven, Concha (p. 483)
Rebolledo, Tey Diana (p. 580)
Sánchez, Raymond G. (p.564)
Sando, Joe S. (p. 581)
Santillanes, Millie (p. 608)
Simmons, Marc (p. 551)
Vigil-Girón, Rebecca (p. 570)
Alaríd, J.M. Hilario (p. 368 )
Chaves, Manuel Antonio (p. 287 )
Lummis, Charles Fletcher (p. 381 )
McCarty, Henry (p. 271)
Montaner, José (p. 398)
Carson, Christopher “Kit” (p. 181)
Gallegos, José Manuel (p. 214)
Manuelito (p. 196)
Agreda, Sor María de Jesús de (p. 48)
Anza, Juan Bautista de (p. 134)
Cebolla, Antonio Sandoval (p. 43)
Oñate, Juan de (p. 19)
Perea, Estevan de (p. 51)
IV. MATCHING
V. STRATEGIES
1. Assessing Student Readiness //Using the INDEX
2. Reading aloud
3. Create a notebook
4. Select a Governor
5. Pick a Number
6. Create a crossword puzzle
7. Unscramble the words
8. Drill NM FACTS
9. Reporting Live!
10. Select a PERSONALITY
1. Panel Discussion
2. SHOWTIME!
3. Let’s play New Mexico TIC-TAC-TOE
1. Most Advanced reports/discussions
VI. IDENTIFY/DEFINE/EXPLAIN
A. PRECONTACT
B. EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION
D. PUEBLO REVOLT/ST. LAWRENCE DAY MASSACRE
[End of INDEX]
I. NAME THE EVENT
Instructions (This activity is the information used in the MATCHING exercises below):
1. For this activity an event will be considered as an incident, a happening, an occurrence or action from the history of New Mexico.
2. The teacher can ask these questions of the class or a select group of students.
3. Student teams (3 or 4 to a team) may be formed to compete against each other.
a. Two students from the rest of the class will ask questions of each team member, rotating questions from one team to another so as to be fair to both teams.
b. The teacher will be the judge as to correctness of all answers.
c. After getting ten (or any such suitable number) correct answers another team can replace the winning team.
1. What happened with the well known troop of the 9th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers in 1900? [They left NM, page 403.]
2. Name the African-American town founded in NM in 1901. [Blackdom, page 408.]
3. Who was th founder of Blackdom? [Francis Boyer, 408]
4. Who is credited with discovering the Carlsbad Caverns? [Jim White, 408]
5. How did J. Francisco Chávez die? [Murdered by unknown parties, 411]
6. When was the Alvarado Hotel completed? [1905, 417]
7. Who was responsible for taking away Blue Lake and its lands from the Taos Indians? [President Theodore Roosevelt, 415]
8. How did Sheriff Pat Garrett die? [Shot in the back, 417]
9. Whose biography did José E. Fernández write? [Casimiro Barela, 421]
10. What was the significance of the Rodríguez v. La Cueva Ranch Co. land grant lawsuit? [The State Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that persons targeted by a land grant partition suit must be served legal papers in person; 423]
11. What is the date of NM becoming a State in the American Union? [January 6, 1912; 424]
12. What organization created its first chapter in NM in 1915? [The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 430]
13. Name some of the influential females who came to live in NM.
a. Mabel Dodge (Luhan), 1917
b. Alice Corbin Henderson, 1921
c. Georgia O’Keefe, 1923, 1929
d. Mary Austin, 1924
e. E. Boyd, 1929
14. What festival was reinitiated in 1918? [Santa Fe Fiesta, 437]
15. Who was elected as Director of the Historical Society of New Mexico in 1918? [Ralph Emerson Twitchell, 438]
16. What well known potter began the pottery tradition at San Ildefonso Pueblo? [Santana Peña, 439]
17. What is the name for the movement of health seekers arriving in NM around 1920? [Sanatoria, 443]
18. What institution of higher learning was founded by the Sisters of St. Francis in 1920? [College of St. Joseph on the Río Grande, 443]
19. What right was granted to women in 1920? [The VOTE, 443]
20. What cartoonist was born in Mountain Park in 1921? [Bill Mauldin, 445]
21. What was the effort to separate Indians from their lands without them knowing about it? [Bursum Bill, 445]
22. Who was the first female Secretary of State to serve as Governor when the Governor and Lt. Gov. were out of NM in 1922? [Soledad Chávez Chacón, 447]
23. What Native American ceremonial affair was established in Gallup in 1922? [The Intertribal Indian Ceremonial, 447]
24. What reclamation project was started in 1923? [Middle Río Grande Conservancy District, 448]
25. What marriage was promoted as “a bridge between cultures” in 1923? [That of Mabel Dodge and Tony Luhan of Taos Pueblo, 448]
26. Whose literary works were published under the title of Obras in 1924? [Felipe M. Chacón, 450]
30. What famous magazine was relocated to Santa Fe in 1925? [La Revista Ilustrada, 451]
31. What popular tourist activity was begun by the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad in 1925? [Santa Fe Indian Detours, 451]
32. What item did Will Shuster create for the Santa Fe Fiesta? [Zozobra, 452]
33. What famous novel set in NM was published in 1927? [Death Comes for the Archbishop by Willa Cather, 453]
34. What famous political figure was born on May 12, 1918? (Manuel Luján, 459]
35. What school did Concha Ortiz y Pino found in 1929? [The Colonial Hispanic Crafts School, 460]
36. What publishing house was founded in 1929? [UNM Press, 460]
37. What was the great natural disaster of 1929? [The Río Grande flood, 462]
38. What labor leader was accused of being a communist and fired from his job? [Jesús Pallares, 466]
39. What UNM publication was funded in 1931? [The NM Quarterly, 467]
40. What small Pueblo was refounded in 1932? [Pojoaque, 469]
41. Whom did Gov. Tingley appoint to the U.S. Senate upon the accidental death of Senator Bronson Cutting? [Dennis Chávez, 475]
42. What was the name of Nina Otero’s famous book published in 1936? [Old Spain in Our Southwest, 476]
43. What famous NM artist was proclaimed by the Museum of Modern Art in New York as “the discovery of the year” in 1936? [Patrociño Barela, 478]
44. In 1937 Arthur Campa and George I. Sánchez planned the first ever “National Congress of Spanish Speaking People” but why didn’t it take place? [The House Un-American Activities charged Campa and Sánchez with being “radicals and communists” then pressured UNM to withdraw as the site of the conference.]
45. What was cartoonist Bill Mauldin awarded in 1945 and 1959? [Pulitzer Prize]
46. Who authored Forgotten People in 1940? [George I. Sánchez, 491]
47. What basic genealogical work was published in 1954? [Origins of New Mexico Families by Angélico Chávez, 492]
48. What famous Isleta Pueblo leader died in 1940? [Pablo Abeita, 493]
49. Who authored Shadows of the Past in 1941? [Cleofas Jaramillo, 493]
50. What was the original name of what is now Kirtland Air Force Base? [The Army Air Depot, established in 1941, 493]
51. What famous NM military unit was shipped to the Philippines in 1941? [200th Coast Artillery, 494]
52. What AFB was established in Alamogordo in 1942? (Holloman, 496)
53. What AFB was established in Clovis? (Cannon, 496)
54. What group of men became famous for their bilingual skills during WW II? [Navajo Code Talkers, 498]
55. What was the name of the top secret program working on developing the atomic bomb? [Manhattan Project, 499]
56. “Internment camps” were populated by what people? [Japanese Americans, 501]
57. Father Flanagan’s “Boys Town” was the model for what institution in NM? [Boys Ranch, 505]
58. Sarafina Tafoya of Santa Clara Pueblo was known for what craft? [Pottery, 507].
59. When was White Sands Missile Range established? [1945; 508]
60. Who was the first woman to be elected (1946) to the national House of Representatives? [Georgia Lusk, 509]
61. Who published (1946) Saints and Saintmakers of New Mexico? [E. Boyd, 509]
62. What woman had a museum created in her honor after her death? [Millicent Rogers, 509]
63. According to Robert Denhardt in The Horse of the Americas, who were the three greatest horsemen in world history? [Arabs, Comanches, Hispanic New Mexicans, 510]
64. What is New Mexico’s most famous UFO occurrence? [Roswell Incident, 510]
65. Who studied the Matachines dance and history then published a book on the subject? [Flavia Waters Champe, 512]
66. What activist from Isleta Pueblo spearheaded the movement to get American Indians the right to vote in 1948? [Miguel Trujillo, 512]
67. What was the first (1948) television station in NM? [KOB-TV, 515]
68. The 1949 strike at Empire Zinc in Hurley inspired the creation of what movie? [“Salt of the Earth,” 517]
69. What design did Lucy Martin Lewis of Acoma use in her pottery? [Mimbres design, 518]
70. What did Paddy Martínez discover in the grants area? [Uranium, 518]
71. What animal became famous after losing its mother in an El Capitán Mountain forest fire? [Smokey Bear, 518]
72. Brother Mathias Barrett founded what order that has spread around the world? [Little Brothers of the Good Shepherd, 519]
73. Name a book written by Aurora Lucero (White-Lea). [Literary Folklore of the Hispanic Southwest, 520]
74. Who wrote We Fed Them Cactus? [Fabiola Cabeza de Baca, 520]
75. Who was the driving force behind the creation of Taos Ski Valley? [Ernie Blake (Ernest Block), 521]
76. Botanists Ray Nakayama and Paul Bosland created (1955) what variety of NM chile? [“Big Jim,” 521]
77. What is the most popular celebration of chile in the USA? [Hatch Chile Festival, 521]
78. Whose biography is the book (1955) Romance of a Little Village Girl? [Cleofas Jaramillo, 521]
79. In 1955 Paul Horgan won the Pulitzer Prize for what book? [Great River, 522]
79. Name the group formed in 1956 by individuals who had portrayed don Diego de Vargas in the Santa Fe Fiesta. [Los Caballeros de Vargas, 524]
80. Name the Museum founded in Mesilla in 1957 by Aurelio and Elizabeth (Fountain) Armendáriz. [Gadsden Museum, 525]
81. Who was the founder (1957) of the Santa Fe Opera? [John Crosby, 525]
82. Who was the last editor (1958) of the Spanish language newspaper El Nuevo Mexicano? [Pedro R. Ortega, 525]
83. What village is considered the center of NM woodcarving? [Córdova, 528]
84. In 1960 what ethnic group in NM is 28% of the population but account for 41.6% of New Mexicans living in poverty? [Hispanics, 529]
85. In 1962 Carla and Ross Ward begin what eventually becomes this museum. [Tinker Town Museum, 529]
86. Who founded (1962) the Alianza Federal de Mercedes? [Reies López Tijerina]
87. Who spotted hat appeared to be a UFO south of Socorro on April 25, 1964? [Officer Lonnie Zamora, 530]
88. Who was instrumental in bringing the Sister Cities program to NM? [Ruth Hashimoto, 532]
89. What foreign city became Albuquerque’s first Sister City? [Sasebo, Japan, 532]
90. In 1967 a scheduled community barbecue in Coyote escalated into what incident? [Tierra Amarilla Courthouse Raid, 532]
91. In 1967 NM painter Peter Hurd (married to Henriette Wyeth) made national headlines due to what? [President L. Johnson rejected Hurd’s portrait of Johnson, 536]
92. What famous sports facility opened its doors in 1967? [The Pit at UNM, 536]
93. What famous sports facility opened its doors in 1968? [The Pan American Center at NMSU, 536]
94. In 1969, N. Scott Momaday, a Kiowa who grew up in Jémez Pueblo, won the Pulitzer Prize for what novel? [House Made of Dawn, 536]
95. What happened to the Alvarado Hotel in 1970? [Razed to the ground, 537]
96. What was Tony Hillerman’s first (1970) novel? [The Blessing Way, 539]
97. What was Rudy Anaya’s first (1972) novel? [Bless Me, Ultima, 541]
98. What spectacular festival began in Albuquerque in 1972? [Balloon Fiesta, 543]
99. The first Women’s Study Center was founded in 1972 at what university? [UNM, 543]
100. What two individuals were developing software for desktop computers in 1974? [Paul Allen and Bill Gates, 544]
101. Who published Popular Arts of Spanish New Mexico in 1974? [E. Boyd, 545]
102. Who served as Chairman of the All Indian Pueblo Council from 1975 to 1984? [Delfine Lovato, 548]
103. Where was the Very Large Array project begun in 1975? [West of Socorro on the plains of San Agustín, 549]
104. The CRIME STOPPERS project was created by what officer in 1976? [Greg MacAleese, 550]
105. What Amerindian center opened in 1976? [Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, 550]
106. What appointment did Mari-Luci Jaramillo receive from President Carter in 1977? [Ambassador to Honduras, 552]
107. Who founded Microsoft Corporation in 1979? [Bill Gates and Paul Allen, 553]
108. What research organization was created at UNM in 1980? [Southwest Hispanic Research Institute, 557]
109. What project was founded by Dr. John Kessell in 1980? [Vargas Project, 558]
110. What happened at the penitentiary outside Santa Fe in February of 1980? [Worst prison riot in American history, 558]
111. What book did Simon J. Ortiz of Acoma Pueblo publish in 1980? [Fight Back, 555]
112. Who has researched much history of NM land grants? [Malcolm Ebright, 557]
113. What area became NM’s 33rd county? [Cíbola County, 559]
114. Who founded the Hispanic Culture Foundation in 1981? [Arturo Ortega, 560]
115. What museum is the most visited in NM? [Museum of Natural History & Science, 563]
116. Who introduced legislation to study the feasibility for the creation of a Hispanic Cultural Center in 1987? [Alfonso “Al” Otero, 565]
117. Who was the first woman elected as Governor of Isleta Pueblo? [Vera Olguin Williamson, 565]
118. What did President Reagan add to America’s National Historic Trails in 1987? [Santa Fe Trail, 565]
119. What is a Pueblo governor’s symbol of authority? [Silver-crowned cane, 565]
120. How many authority canes does each Pueblo governor have? [Four, 566]
121. Name the Pueblo authority canes. [Spanish, Lincoln, State of NM, King Juan Carlos, 566]
122. What organization was founded “to promote opportunities for Hispanic women”? [Hispanic Women’s Council, 566]
123. What organization focused on NM music was founded in 1989? [NM Hispanic Music Association, 567]
124. What work did historian-genealogist Carlos LoPopolo begin publishing in 1990? [The New Mexico Chronicles, 569]
125. What NM astronaut piloted the space shuttle Columbia on its 11th flight into space? [Col. Sidney Gutiérrez, 575]
126. What work was published in 1992 to “put a face on the feminine side of NM history”? [Nuestras Mujeres, 577]
127. What Jémez Pueblo author published Pueblo Nations in 1992? [Joe Sando, 578]
128. In 1992 what three countries provided the greatest number of tourists to NM? [Canada, Germany, Mexico, 582]
129. What governor of NM signed (1991) the legislation to create the Hispanic Culture Center in Albuquerque? [Bruce King, 582]
130. The 1994 book Victory in World War II: The New Mexico Story lists Congressional Medal of Honor winners but omits what two New Mexicans? [Joe P. Martínez and José E. Valdez, 585]
131. Who led the effort to build the Oñate Monument in Alcalde, NM? [Emilio Naranjo, 586]
132. Who is the founder of the La Herencia del Norte magazine? [Ana Pacheco, 586]
133. What Albuquerque business owner holds a yearly matanza in honor of his mother and traditional NM culture? [Prem Gabaldon, 589]
134. Who is the biggest land owner in NM? [Federal Government, 593]
135. Whom did President Clinton appoint as Ambassador to the United Nations in 1996? [Bill Richardson, 599]
136. Name the two boxing title holders from Albuquerque. [Johnny Tapia, Danny Romero, 604]
137. What was the official song of the Cuarto Centennial? [El Corrido de don Juan de Oñate by Angel Espinoza, 604]
138. What was the only calendar dedicated to NM’s 400th anniversary in 1998? [Calendar of the Great Southwest: New Mexico Edition, 606]
139. Why was the New Mexican Hispanic Culture Preservation League created? [“To combat defamation of Hispanic history and culture,” 607]
140. Who was selected as Ambassador to Spain by President Clinton in 1998? [Ed Romero, 610]
TERRITORIAL--E
141. Who was the first (1851) Presbyterian (first Protestant) minister in NM? [Reverend W.J. Kephardt, page 249]
142. What two French religious leaders arrived in NM in 1851? [Lamy and Machebeuf, 249]
143. Name the two historians who disagree totally on NM religious history. [Paul Horgan, Angélico Chávez, 249]
144. What Baptist minister opened (1851) the Santa Fe Academy school? [Rev. M. Reid, 255]
145. What fort was established (1851) some 25 miles northeast of Las Vegas? [Fort Union, 256]
146. Who established (1852) a school in Laguna Pueblo? [Samuel Gorman, 257]
147. What religious group established (1852) the school for girls La Academia de Nuestra Señora de la Luz? [Sisters of Loretto, 257]
148. How did Governor Lane challenge (1852) Col. Sumner? [To a duel, 257]
149. How did Solomon Jacob Spiegelberg help the territorial legislature in 1852? [With a $4,000 loan, 257]
150. Who was the first U.S. Attorney in NM? [W.W.H. Davis, 259]
151. Who was the first (1854) Surveyor General? [William Pelham, 261]
152. The Donation Act of 1854 had to do with the acquisition of what? [Land, 261]
153. What Jicarilla Apache chief was killed (1854) by a detachment of U.S. Cavalry when the Americans accused him of stealing cattle? [Lobo Blanco, 262]
154. In 1854 the NM Legislature passed a law that denied the vote to what group of New Mexicans? [Pueblo Indians, 263]
155. What did Indian Agent E.A. Graves predict (1854) for NM Indians? [Extinction, 263]
156. In 1855 commerce over what route was valued at $5,000,000? [Santa Fe Trail, 264]
157. In 1855 the Utes attacked Ft. Pueblo because they said blankets given to them had been purposely infected with what? [Smallpox, 264]
158. In 1856 the NM Legislature passed laws that targeted what group? [African Americans, 265]
159. W.W.H. Davis, New Mexico’s first United States Attorney, was charged (1856) with what crime? [Embezzlement, 265]
160. What native priests were excommunicated (1857) by Bishop Lamy? [Padre Martínez and Padre Lucero, 265]
161. Whom did J. Francisco Chávez marry in 1857? [Mary Bowie, 266]
162. Whom did Col. W.W. Loring select as “Chief of Scouts:” for the Gila Expedition of 1857? [Manuel Antonio Chaves, 266]
163. Who destroyed the ranch of Samuel Watrous in 1858? [Comanches, 267]
164. Whom did Rafaél Chacón marry in 1858? [Juanita Paéz, 268]
165. What is the contemporary name of the original settlement (1858) Plaza de los Leones? [Walsenburg, 269]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
166. Which is the oldest chartered secondary school in NM? [St. Michael’s of Santa Fe, 269]
167. What large animal was hunted for its meat and hide by ciboleros? [Buffalo (bison) 269]
168. Due to a land boundary dispute, how did bishop Lamy threaten Manuel Antonio Chaves? [With excommunication, 269]
169. Starting in 1895 what famous potter caused a revival in Hopi pottery making? [Nampeyo, 270]
170. What was the nickname of Henry McCarty? [Billy the Kid, 271]
171. How did most New Mexicans react to the Slave Code Act of 1859? [With outrage, 272]
172. What kind of art did José de Gracia Gonzales practice after he arrived from Chihuahua? [Santero Art, 272]
173. Who was the founder of Trinidad, Colorado? [Felipe Baca, 273]
174. What Jewish celebration was the first of its kind held in NM in 1860? [Yom Kippur, 273]
175. What New Mexican became known as “El Millionario”? [Felipe Chávez, 276]
176. José Leandro Perea and Mariano Yrizarri were very active in what field? [Commerce, 277]
177. Who operated a highly successful cabinet shop in Manzano, NM, during the 1860s and 1870s? [Roque Candelaria, 279]
178. What law was repealed immediately upon the outbreak of the Civil War? [Slave Code Act of 1859, p. 281]
179. What side did military officers like Sibley, Loring, Fauntleroy, take for the Civil War? [Confederacy, 281]
180. What was one of the basic weaknesses of the Homestead Act of 1862? [Water sources could be owned privately, 283]
181. In 1862 the village of San Mateo was founded by families from what NM village? [Cebolleta (Seboyeta), 284]
182. What were the major Civil War battles in NM? [Battle of Valverde and Battle of Glorieta Pass, 284]
183. What is a basic characteristic of land history during the Territorial period? [fraud, 284, 291]
184. General James Carleton came to NM leading what group of Union soldiers? [California Column, 291]
185. To where were Navajos deported in 1863? [Bosque Redondo, 293]
186. Giovanni María Agostini was known by what nickname? [The Hermit, 294]
187. Who came to be known as the “Prince of Comancheros”? [José Tafoya, 295]
188. What religious group arrived in NM in 1865? [Sisters of Charity, 296]
189. What was the name of the cattle trail across the lower Pecos area to markets in Colorado and Wyoming? [Goodnight-Loving Trail, 297]
190. What two well known Territorial personalities came from Missouri to NM in 1863 and 1866? [Stephen B. Elkins and Thomas B. Catron, 295, 298]
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191. What Texan came to NM and became one of the legendary cattle kings of the West? [John Chisum, 301]
192. Members of what religious order founded the newspaper La Revista Católica? [Jesuits, 302]
193. Who was the first editor of La Revista Católica? [Rev. Donato Gaspari, 302]
194. What large reservation was established in parts of NM, Arizona, and Utah? [Navajo Reservation, 303]
195. What Comanchero from the village of Córdova started trading with Comanches and Kiowas at the age of 18? [Vicente Romero, 303]
196. What Territorial governor tried to destroy NM archival records in 1869? [William A. Pile, 304]
197. What was the name of the wood hauler who rescued most of the archives that Governor Pile had tried to destroy? [Eleuterio Barela, 304]
198. What form of media was the most popular during the Territorial period? [Newspapers, 305, 339]
199. What award did Francis Oliver receive in 1870? [Congressional Medal of Honor, 305]
200. Mow-way was a chief for what group of Indians? [Comanches, 305]
201. Where did Comanches want their reservation to be established? [New Mexico, 305]
202. Italian Jesuits got rid of what at San Felipe de Neri Church in Albuquerque? [Santero Art, 306]
203. The village of La Placita was renamed as what? [Lincoln, 306]
204. Who owned the Amador Hotel in Las Cruces? [Martin Amador, 309]
205. Who started the first bank in Territorial NM? [Lucien Maxwell, 309]
206. Who has been described as “undoubtedly the largest individual landholder in the history of the USA”? [Thomas B. Catron, 309]
207. Where was Pablo Abeita born in 1871? [Isleta Pueblo, 311]
208. How did the Santa Fe Weekly Post describe Comanchero traders? [“Dogs,” 309]
209. How did Gov. Marsh Giddings describe “Santa Fe Mexicans”? [“The lowest class on God’s earth,” 312]
210. What Texas rancher led a large force into NM to recover “stolen Texas cattle”? [John Hittson, 312]
211. Cohepa was a chieftain for what group of Indians? [Comanches, 313]
212. What became the greatest attraction of the Loretto Chapel in Santa Fe? [Spiral Staircase, 315]
213. How was Eben Stanley honored in 1875? [Received Congressional Medal of Honor, 316]
214. What series of killings fostered ill feelings between ethnic groups in Lincoln County? [Horrell War, 317]
215. What mercantile business became the largest in Territorial NM? [Charles Ilfeld & Company, 317]
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216. Who was elevated to Archbishop in 1875? [Jean B. Lamy, 318]
217. Who was referred to as the “Small Scallop Tinsmith”? [José María Apodaca, 318]
218. Who was the wife of Willie Spiegelberg? [Flora Langermann Spiegelberg, 319]
219. What band of Comanches was the last to surrender? [Kwahadi, 319]
220. What powerful political group was believed to have been behind the murder of Reverend Tolby? [Santa Fe Ring, 319]
221. Who were the owners of “The House”? [Murphy, Dolan, Riley, 319]
222. William and Simeon Hendrickson founded what town in northwestern NM? [Farmington, 323]
223. In what ceremony, the first in Santa Fe, was Alfred Grunsfeld involved in 1876? [Bar Mitzvah, 323]
224. Is the significance of the “Elkins Handshake” fact or fiction? [Fiction, 323]
225. Name the law that required a land grant to be divided even if only one heir went to court about it. [Partition Statute, 325]
226. Where was Sotero Ortiz born in 1877? [San Juan Pueblo, 329]
227. Where was the Jesuit College located? [Las Vegas, 330]
228. Who was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1884? [Robert McDonald, 330]
229. Ann Vielstitch came from Germany and married (1877) what German NM business man? [John Becker, 331]
230. What railroad line was the first to reach Las Vegas in 1879? [Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe, 336]
231. Who founded (1879) La Estrella de Mora newspaper? [Severino Trujillo, 337]
232. What Apache Chieftain was raiding from 1879-1883? [Victorio, 337]
233. Where was Adolph Bandelier born in 1840? [Switzerland, 339]
234. What other famous personality became a friend of Adolph Bandelier? [Charles F. Lummis, 339]
235. What is the name of Bandelier’s novel? [The Delight Makers, 339]
236. In what year was the railroad completed to Albuquerque? [1880; 339]
237. By 1880 what group of men controlled NM Territory? [Santa Fe Ring, 340]
238. Who wrote the narrative poem “Los Bilitos”? [Frederick Rudulph, 340]
239. What was the name of the santero first identified as “the Mora Santero” and “Flat Figure Santero”? [José Benito Ortega, 341]
240. What workshop produced the most elaborate tinwork made in NM during the 19th century? [Río Abajo Workshop, 342]
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241. Who is believed to have been New Mexico’s first novelist? [Manuel Salazar, 343]
242. Who brought cattle into the valley of the Largo, south of Quemado, and named the area the “American Valley”? [John P. Casey of Albuquerque, 343]
243. What was the final name of the “Our Lady of Angels” Albuquerque school for girls opened by the Sisters of Charity in 1882? [St. Vincent’s Academy, 344]
244. The second transcontinental railroad was born on March 8, 1881, when the Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe lines were connected at what NM town? [Deming, 344]
245. What was the nickname of María Adelina Isabel Emilia Otero? [Nina, 344]
246. What ethnologist began work at Cochití and other middle Río Grande Pueblos in 1882? [Adolph Bandelier, 344]
247. With the help of Ash Upson, who wrote The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid? [Pat Garrett, 345]
248. What president of the USA signed the patent of land grant ownership to the Cebolleta (Seboyeta) people? [Chester A. Arthur, 345]
249. By 1883, what NM lawyer is said to be one of the biggest land owners in the USA? [Thomas B. Catron, 346]
250. What was the first (1883) public Jewish organization in NM? [Lodge No. 336 of the Independent Order of B’nai B’rith, 356]
251. What appears to be the chief characteristic of many homestead entries in NM after 1883? [Fraud, 347, 349]
252. What Indian reservation of 474,240 acres was established in the Ruidoso area? [Mescalero Apache, 347]
253. Who was indicted nine times on charges of land fraud? [Max Frost, 350]
254. Who fought off some 80-84 cowboys in a thirty-three hour gunfight in Frisco (now Reserve), NM? [Elfego Baca, 351]
255. What territorial governor made the following statement about NM: “The curse of this territory is rings”? [Edmund Ross, 355]
256. What woven blankets are characterized by an eight-pointed star in the design? [Río Grande blankets, 356]
257. What newspaper man was described as belonging to the “…generation intent on leaving a cultural legacy to its descendants”? [José Segura, 356]
258. Which was the first synagogue in NM? [Temple Montefiore in Las Vegas, 357]
259. What Indian reservation of 750,000 acres was established in parts of Río Arriba and Sandoval counties? [Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation, 360]
260. What denigrating nickname is given to St. Francis of Assisi by “Penitente hunters”? [“Big Frank,” 360]
261. What is the name of the North American Review article written (1887) by Surveyor General George Julian? [“Land Stealing in New Mexico,” 362]
262. Who wrote a response to George Julian’s article? [Stephen W. Dorsey, 362]
263. What famous hotel owner was born in San Antonio, Socorro County, NM, in 1887? [Conrad Hilton, 363]
264. What Frenchman established a winery (1888) in Belén? [ Adolf Didier, 363]
265. What immigrant from Germany was selected to serve as Governor of Acoma Pueblo? [Solomon Bibo, 363]
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266. What French priest became well known for his ministry and work in Tomé? [Fr. Juan B. Railliere, 363]
267. What was the nickname of Manuel Antonio Chaves? [El Leoncito, The Little Lion, 365]
268. Who were the three brothers in Las Vegas who became stalwart land grant activists? [Herrera brothers: Juan, Pablo, Nicanor, 366]
269. What group of land grant activists did the Herrera brothers organize (1889) in the Las Vegas area? [Gorras Blancas, White Caps, 366]
270. Who is described as “the only identified tinsmith to have originated in southern NM”? [The Mesilla Combed Paint Tinsmith, 369]
271. What well known NM personality founded the 25-piece band/orchestra known as La Banda Lírica? [J.M. Hilario Alaríd, 369]
272. Who authored A New Mexico David and Other Stories? [Charles F. Lummis, 371]
273. What land court operated during the years 1891-1904? [Court of Private Land Claims, 375]
274. What ethnologist wrote that Spain “…insured the preservation and progress of the natives…” [Adolph Bandelier, 377]
275. What was the goal of the NM ranchero lifestyle? [“To work your own land and your own stock,” 379]
276. Who is said to have been the leader of the “Society of Bandits” in the Las Vegas area? [Vicente Silva, 380]
277. Who was the first (1892) president of the Hispano-American Press Association? [Victor L. Ochoa, 380]
278. What university opened its doors on June 15, 1892? [University of NM, 381]
279. What is the name of the biographical series published (1894) by the Albuquerque newspaper La Opinion Pública? [New Mexico and Its Illustrious Men, 385]
280. How are the deaths of J. Francisco Chaves and Albert Fountain similar? [Both murdered by unknown assassins; 385, 389]
281. Who was the first native-born New Mexican to be appointed (1897) territorial governor? [Miguel “Gillie” Otero, 396]
282. What activist was instrumental in saving the Jacona land grant? [Cosme Herrera, 398]
283. What was the title of the novel written by Porfirio Gonzales? [History of a Captive/Historia de un cautivo, 399]
284. Who were the members of the Taos Society of Artists? [Ernest Blumenschein, Bert Phillips, Joseph Sharp, Oscar Berninghaus, Irving Couse, Walter Ufer, Victor Higgins, 400]
285. How did the Taos Society of Artists refer to themselves? [Los Ocho Pintores/The Eight Painters, 400]
286. What two Belén law enforcement officers went after Texas outlaws Bronco Bill and Kid Johnson? [Francisco Vigil and Daniel Bustamante, 400]
287. What was the popular name for the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment led by colonels Wood and Roosevelt? [“Rough Riders,” 401]
289. When Santa Fe business men wanted to “modernize” the town by tearing down historic buildings, including the Palace of the Governors, who led the fight against the destruction? [Carlos Vierra, 401]
290. What group of people were adamant that Santa Fe retain its historical heritage? [Artists, 402]
300. When did the 9th Cavalry, the famous “Buffalo Soldiers,” finally leave NM? [In 1900; 403]
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301. What law was promoted by Protestant missionaries and the Bureau of Indian Affairs to combat various Indian customs? [Religious Crimes Code, 405]
302. What strategy was used to separate young Indians from their tribal customs? [Send them to far away boarding schools, 405]
303. What two NM towns became centers for art colonies? [Santa Fe and Taos, 405]
304. How is the village of Blackdom unique in NM history? [It was the only town founded by African Americans, 408]
305. Who is the founder (1896) of Blackdom? [Francis Boyer, 408]\
306. Who is said to have discovered the Carlsbad Caverns? [A cowboy named Jim White, 408]
307. What national senator was one of the principal opponents (1902) of statehood for NM? [Senator Albert J. Beveridge (R-Indiana), 409]
308. For whom was the Felipe Chávez School founded? [Girls, 409]
309. What two Belén businessmen were instrumental in bringing the AT&SF railroad into Belén instead of Albuquerque? [Felipe Chávez and John Becker, 410]
310. Because of the railroad, what is the nickname of Belén, NM? [“The Hub City,” 410]
311. What well known NM leader was murdered (1904) by an unknown assassin at Pinos Wells? [J. Francisco Chávez, 411]
312. What hotel was described as the “jewel of the Fred Harvey system”? [Alvarado Hotel, 412]
313. What stock animal was the most important to the NM economy? [Sheep, 413]
314. Who ordered the “protective custody” takeover of Blue Lake, depriving Taos Pueblo of ownership? [President Theodore Roosevelt, 415]
315. In what year did the NM state legislature enact a law that deprived married women of the right to own land? [1907, 416]
316. Name two of the famous trains that went through NM in 1938. [Super Chief, El Capitán, 416]
317. How did Pat Garrett die? [Shot in the back of the head, 417]
318. Who is the author of The Biography of Casimiro Barela? [José E. Fernández, 421]
319. When was NM finally granted statehood status? [January 6, 1912]
320. What does writer R.W. Larson say was the principal reason for refusing to let NM become a state in the American Union? [“…a strong prejudice toward the Spanish-speaking, Roman Catholic people of NM…, 424]
AMERICAN OCCUPATION--E
321. Who described Hispanic New Mexicans by saying “…they are not fit to be a free people…” [Charles Bent, 225]
322. What was the name given to the set of laws brought into NM by General Kearny? [Kearny Code, 225]
323. Who was one of the first American women to come live in NM? [Susan Magoffin, 225]
324. What is said to be the only Mexican War battle to be fought (Dec. 25, 1846) on NM soil? [Battle of Brazitos, 226]
325. What was the first USA military fort to be established in the Hispanic Southwest? [Ft. Marcy, northeast of Santa Fe, 226]
326. Who complained to Col. Doniphan that American troops were abusing New Mexican people? [Gov. Charles Bent, 226]
327. Who was charged with treason against the USA (1846, during the Mexican War) while he was a citizen of Mexico? [Manuel Antonio Chaves, 227]
328. What area has been described as the “garden spot of NM” in 1848? [Río Puerco area, 233]
329. Who set a record by traversing the Santa Fe Trail from Santa Fe to Independence, Missouri (some 800 miles) in five days and 16 hours? [Francis X. Aubry, 234]
330. What American name was given to Mt. San Mateo? [Mt. Taylor, 234]
331. Who decided to put a stop to “Mexicans and Pueblos” trading with plains Indians like the Comanches? [Supt. of Indian Affairs James S. Calhoun, 236]
332. Who was assigned by the Mexican government to help those New Mexicans desirous of emigrating back to Mexican territory? [Padre Ramón Ortiz, 237]
333. Where was NM’s first American post office established? [Santa Fe, 240]
334. Who in Taos was described as a master cabinetmaker and blacksmith in the 1850s? [Gabriel Jeantet, 241]
335. What law made NM a territory? [The Organic Act of 1850, 243]
336. While Americans favor it, what do Hispanic New Mexicans in the Legislature reject in their law making? [The legalization of black slavery, 247]
337. What was the name of the group from Cebolleta who could be hired to kidnap young Navajo children? [Cebolleteños, 247]
338. What was the original founding name of Lincoln, NM? [La Placita, 248]
Back To Index
MEXICAN PERIOD--E
339. What treaty of 1821 officially recognized all Indians as citizens of Mexico? [Treaty of Córdova, 171]
340. How many sons did María Luis Baca (of the NM real estate BACA LOCATIONS) from Las Vegas have? [Seventeen, 171]
341. Who was the first native New Mexican ever to serve as Governor? [Francisco X. Chávez from Belén, 172]
342. When did French-Canadian Carlos Beaubien arrive in NM? [1823, 173]
343. What was the nickname for beaver pelts? [“Hairy banknotes,” 173]
344. What is the popular name for “Brothers of Our Father Jesús”? [Penitentes, 174]
345. What is the name for the Penitente Brotherhood lodge? [morada, 174]
346. What NM stock animal becomes extremely popular in Missouri and the American southern states? [Mules, 176]
347. According to the Franklin (Missouri) Intelligencer newspaper, whose trading expedition is described as “…a new era” in trade between Mexico and the USA? [Manuel Simon Escudero, 178]
348. What NM town was more or less the center for non-native people to live? [Taos, 183]
349. How many terms did Manuel Armijo serve as Governor? [Three, 183]
350. What three American writers were especially critical of Gov. Armijo? [George Kendall, Josiah Gregg, W.W.H. Davis, 183, 185]
351. What is the name of the stock raising “share owning” system used in NM? [Partido System, 186]
352. In what year did the government of the USA create a cavalry? [1829, 187]
353. What trail did Abiquiú resident Antonio Armijo re-blaze in 1829? [Old Spanish Trail, 187]
354. What do cibolero hunters form with their wagons if threatened by hostile Indians? [Form them into a circle, 188]
355. Who wrote (1832) the report “A Glimpse At New Mexico”? [Antonio Barreiro, 190]
356. First published (1832) by Ramón Abreú, what was the name of the first newspaper in NM? [El Crepúsculo de la Libertad/The Dawn of Liberty, 190]
357. The NM legal system is based on Spanish customary law, with emphasis on what? [Conciliation, 193]
358. In most military expeditions against hostile Indians, ordinary New Mexicans comprise what percentage of the expedition? [90%; 194]
359. Who created the first book ever printed in NM? [Fr. Martínez of Taos, 196]
360. How did mail get from NM to places in Mexico? [Pony Express, 198]
361. Who invaded NM in 1841? [Texans, 203]
362. What was the name of Kit Carson’s 15-year old bride? [Josefa Jaramillo, 207]
363. Who was nicknamed “La Tules”? [Gertrudis Barceló, 208]
364. Who is the author of the 1844 book Commerce of the Prairies? [Josiah Gregg, 209]
365. Who was the wife of Lucien Maxwell? [Luz (daughter of Carlos) Beaubien, 211]
366. What skill was considered the most important for male New Mexicans? [Horsemanship, 211]
367. What was the most popular of NM social gatherings? [Dance, 213]
368. Whose Army invades NM in 1846? [USA, 220]
369. Who leads the American army? [S.W. Kearny, 221]
370. Who departs from NM with his professional soldiers without resisting due to a bribe from James Magoffin? [Col. Diego Archuleta, 221]
371. Who led the first (1540) Spanish expedition into NM? [Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, 14]
372. Who was contracted to establish the first Christian settlement in NM? [Juan de Oñate, 19]
373. What woman became well known for her leadership qualities among the Oñate colonists? [Doña Eufemia Sosa de Peñalosa, 18-19]
374. Who wrote the first history of NM? [Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá, 21]
375. In what form was Historia de la Nueva Mexico/History of New Mexico written? [As an epic poem, 21]
376. What was the name of NM’s first Christian colony? [San Juan de los Caballeros/Knights of St. John, 22]
377. What did the expedition under Vicente de Zaldívar hunt on the eastern plains? [Bison/buffalo, 23]
378. What was the name of the Acoma leader who wanted war with the invading Spaniards? [Zutucapán, 2